Utah's Connection
to Black Deaf History
Written by Jodi Becker Kinner
Published in 2020
Updated in 2024
Published in 2020
Updated in 2024
Author’s Note
I have a strong interest in Black History due to my relationship with a black guy during high school. While writing for the history website, this interest often leads me to reflect on the roles of two prominent figures in the Utah Deaf community: Dr. Robert G. Sanderson, also known as "Bob" and "Sandie," and W. David Mortensen, also known as "Dave." Like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, they were active leaders in their community. Yet their characteristics and leadership styles are what set them apart. For example, Sandie was akin to MLK with his diplomatic listening skills and willingness to assist others. Malcolm X's bold activism echoed that of Dave, a Deaf political leader known for his determination and perseverance, who famously organized rallies to advocate for legislative change. Similarly, Dr. Sanderson and Dr. Martin were well-known for their ability to build bridges, listen empathetically, and educate others on equality issues. Their Ph.D. degrees provided them with a platform to express themselves and gain attention.
Robert G. Sanderson
Like Malcolm X, Dave Mortensen was a fearless advocate for civil and accessible rights for the Utah Deaf community. His dedication and leadership abilities were impressive. Bob Sanderson, on the other hand, had a different but equally effective leadership style. Despite their differences, their collaboration formed an effective team that met the diverse needs of the Utah Deaf community. Dave's dedication and Bob's visionary leadership made them a formidable team, demonstrating the power of teamwork. Their partnership was crucial in accomplishing their mission. Dave Mortensen, in many ways, was the successor to Bob Sanderson, supporting and amplifying Bob's initial work through community advocacy. Together, they established the Robert G. Sanderson Community Center, expanded the interpreting services, advocated for certain issues, and passed legislative bills. Their mutual support and reliance on each other were crucial to their success, highlighting the significant impact of collaboration in advocacy within the Utah Deaf community. Dave would not have been able to advocate for the community without Bob Sanderson's initial efforts, and Bob would not have completed his work without Dave's support. Their consistent campaigning, similar to Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, was a testament to their unwavering dedication to fighting for and securing civil rights. I have enormous respect and admiration for these individuals and their leadership.
W. David Mortensen
On this day in 1964, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, met for the first time, while attending a Senate debate on the Civil Rights Act. Source: African & Black History African Archives
Dr. Robert G. Sanderson, a prominent figure from Utah, was set to become the president of the National Association of the Deaf in July 1964, a momentous occasion when the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, granting Deaf women the right to vote. This was a significant step in promoting inclusivity and equality within the organization. In 1965, the NAD took another important step toward inclusivity and equality by allowing Black Deaf individuals to join and vote, following the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Prior to 1965, the National Association of the Deaf did not give female members the right to vote, nor did it give Black individuals any right to membership. This change coincided with the election of Dr. Sanderson at the time. Since these legislative reforms, the NAD has made tremendous progress in creating a more inclusive community for all Deaf individuals, regardless of ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation. These developments represented a turning point in the history of the NAD, signaling a strong commitment to inclusivity and equality. Moreover, it highlighted the NAD's unity and collaboration among its members, which played a crucial role in achieving these milestones. This teamwork reflects a shared vision for a more inclusive future, fostering a sense of community and belonging and providing hope and optimism for the future of the Deaf community.
Since its establishment in 1880, the National Association of the Deaf has been a steadfast advocate for the rights of Deaf people. However, it was not until 1965 that Black Deaf individuals were granted the right to become members and vote. The prevailing racial discrimination at the time had barred them from joining not only the NAD but also other Deaf organizations and clubs. This historical journey underscores the NAD's unwavering commitment to inclusivity and equality, a commitment that has shaped its mission and values.
Since its establishment in 1880, the National Association of the Deaf has been a steadfast advocate for the rights of Deaf people. However, it was not until 1965 that Black Deaf individuals were granted the right to become members and vote. The prevailing racial discrimination at the time had barred them from joining not only the NAD but also other Deaf organizations and clubs. This historical journey underscores the NAD's unwavering commitment to inclusivity and equality, a commitment that has shaped its mission and values.
Robert G. Sanderson (left) and W. David Mortensen (right) at the Utah Association for the Deaf Conference, June 18, 1995
Robert G. Sanderson talking to W. David Mortensen at the Utah Association for the Deaf Conference, June 18, 1995
Since 1965, the Black Deaf community has shown remarkable perseverance in its efforts to collaborate with the National Association of the Deaf. Despite facing numerous rejections, they continued to push for their rights and needs. The NAD's reluctance to address its challenges and goals and the lack of representation among NAD representatives led the leaders of the Black Deaf community to establish the National Black Deaf Advocate (NBDA) in 1982. This organization was created out of the need for representation and advocacy, and it has grown stronger over time, advocating for the rights and needs of Black Deaf people. The NBDA's role in advocating for the Black Deaf community's rights and needs is crucial, and it continues to be a strong voice for equality and inclusivity. For more detailed information, please visit the NBDA website at www.nbda.org.
Over time, the National Association of the Deaf has made significant strides toward inclusivity and equality. The board of directors now includes Deaf people of color, marking a pivotal moment in the NAD's history. This progress is a testament to the NAD's commitment to inclusivity and equality, giving us hope for a more inclusive future. The NAD's progress toward inclusivity and equality is a beacon of hope, inspiring us to continue our advocacy for a more inclusive society.
Over time, the National Association of the Deaf has made significant strides toward inclusivity and equality. The board of directors now includes Deaf people of color, marking a pivotal moment in the NAD's history. This progress is a testament to the NAD's commitment to inclusivity and equality, giving us hope for a more inclusive future. The NAD's progress toward inclusivity and equality is a beacon of hope, inspiring us to continue our advocacy for a more inclusive society.
Dr. Robert G. Sanderson. Source: UAD Bulletin, Winter 1965
In 2012, I served as a delegate and representative for the Utah Association of the Deaf at the NAD Conference. During the event, I had the opportunity to witness a touching moment when Dr. Bobbie Beth Scoggins, president of the National Association of the Deaf, formally apologized to the Black Deaf delegates from the NBDA and NAD for the historical denial of equal rights based on race. This apology was related to the document titled "Denial of Equal Rights to Deaf Women and Black Deaf Individuals" in the 2012 Conference Resolutions, an important document on the NAD website.
In the wake of George Floyd's death in 2020 and the ensuing Black Lives Matter protests, the Black community continues to grapple with the enduring effects of racial injustice. This moment allows us to listen, learn, and grow. In the aftermath of the Black Lives Matter movement, I delved into the inspiring work of Dr. Laurene Simms, a highly esteemed Black Deaf professor at Gallaudet University and a champion for social justice. Dr. Simms, a nationally renowned expert in ASL/English bilingual education, offered bilingual training to the first group of teachers and aides just before the founding of the Jean Massieu School of the Deaf in 1999. Her significant contribution to the movement is truly remarkable and serves as an inspiration to us all. Below is a photo of her conducting a workshop presentation.
In the wake of George Floyd's death in 2020 and the ensuing Black Lives Matter protests, the Black community continues to grapple with the enduring effects of racial injustice. This moment allows us to listen, learn, and grow. In the aftermath of the Black Lives Matter movement, I delved into the inspiring work of Dr. Laurene Simms, a highly esteemed Black Deaf professor at Gallaudet University and a champion for social justice. Dr. Simms, a nationally renowned expert in ASL/English bilingual education, offered bilingual training to the first group of teachers and aides just before the founding of the Jean Massieu School of the Deaf in 1999. Her significant contribution to the movement is truly remarkable and serves as an inspiration to us all. Below is a photo of her conducting a workshop presentation.
Dr. Laurene Simms, Gallaudet Professor. Source: Gallaudet.edu
In 2018, the Indiana School for the Deaf paid tribute to one of its most outstanding alums, Dr. Simms, by naming its elementary building after her. This act of recognition is a testament to Dr. Simms's invaluable contribution to the Black Deaf community. As a result, the first teachers and aides at the Jean Massieu School of the Deaf had the opportunity to receive training from Dr. Simms. Their knowledge from this training has become a valuable part of the school's history, and we are all grateful for Dr. Simms' work.
Dr. Laurene Simms giving a presentation to JMS' first teachers and aids. It was part of their inservice before doors opened in 1999
During the global Black Lives Matter movement in 2020, I came across an article titled 'Black Deaf Culture Through the Lens of Black Deaf History,' which left a lasting impression on me. This article is a treasure trove of knowledge and an excellent resource for anyone looking to learn about the history and culture of the Black Deaf community. It features biographies, arts, and entertainment, providing a comprehensive understanding of the community. I'd like to use this platform to raise awareness about the Black Deaf community and share this enlightening article for everyone's benefit.
Jodi Becker Kinner
Jodi Becker Kinner
Sugar Free Truth of Facebook, March 11, 2024
