History of the
Elizabeth DeLong School of the Deaf
Written by Jodi Christel Becker
Published in 2019
Updated in 2025
Published in 2019
Updated in 2025
Author's Note
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Michelle Tanner, the Associate Superintendent of the Utah School for the Deaf, for her invaluable assistance in gathering information and preparing a biography of Elizabeth DeLong. Nathan Harrison, your dedication and efforts in compiling the necessary materials to propose naming the Utah School for the Deaf in honor of Elizabeth DeLong are truly commendable.
Our collaborative efforts, including your invaluable contributions, have significantly contributed to the preservation and promotion of women's history in the state of Utah. Anne, your thorough research and provision of the copy of Elizabeth DeLong's biography from the Church History Library of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have inspired me to write a biography of Elizabeth DeLong for this history website and the Better Days 2020 site. Doug, your insightful research and interpretation of historical documents have enhanced our understanding of her story and provided a fresh perspective for our project. Together, we have made substantial contributions to the narrative of women's history in Utah. This collaboration not only highlights Elizabeth DeLong's remarkable life but also sheds light on the broader context of Deaf women's roles in shaping our Utah Deaf community. By sharing her experiences, we can inspire future generations to appreciate the vital contributions of women in history. A big thank you to both of you!
I have great admiration for Elizabeth DeLong, who is featured on the Better Days 2020 website. This platform highlights essential milestones in the suffrage movement in Utah and nationwide in 2020 while also promoting the history of women's rights and their right to vote. It serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of recognizing historical figures like Elizabeth DeLong, whose contributions continue to shape contemporary discussions about women.
Elizabeth DeLong made a significant impact on the Utah Deaf community as the first female Deaf president of the Utah Association of the Deaf, serving from 1909 to 1915. Her achievements have left a lasting legacy, including being the first female graduate of the Utah School for the Deaf to attend Gallaudet College and becoming the first Deaf teacher with a college degree to teach at the state school for the deaf in Utah. Her groundbreaking accomplishments and contributions have earned her recognition, and her dedicated service deserves to be honored with a lasting legacy. Her story is a testament to the potential and power of Deaf women in our community.
Thank you all once again!
Jodi Christel Becker
Our collaborative efforts, including your invaluable contributions, have significantly contributed to the preservation and promotion of women's history in the state of Utah. Anne, your thorough research and provision of the copy of Elizabeth DeLong's biography from the Church History Library of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have inspired me to write a biography of Elizabeth DeLong for this history website and the Better Days 2020 site. Doug, your insightful research and interpretation of historical documents have enhanced our understanding of her story and provided a fresh perspective for our project. Together, we have made substantial contributions to the narrative of women's history in Utah. This collaboration not only highlights Elizabeth DeLong's remarkable life but also sheds light on the broader context of Deaf women's roles in shaping our Utah Deaf community. By sharing her experiences, we can inspire future generations to appreciate the vital contributions of women in history. A big thank you to both of you!
I have great admiration for Elizabeth DeLong, who is featured on the Better Days 2020 website. This platform highlights essential milestones in the suffrage movement in Utah and nationwide in 2020 while also promoting the history of women's rights and their right to vote. It serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of recognizing historical figures like Elizabeth DeLong, whose contributions continue to shape contemporary discussions about women.
Elizabeth DeLong made a significant impact on the Utah Deaf community as the first female Deaf president of the Utah Association of the Deaf, serving from 1909 to 1915. Her achievements have left a lasting legacy, including being the first female graduate of the Utah School for the Deaf to attend Gallaudet College and becoming the first Deaf teacher with a college degree to teach at the state school for the deaf in Utah. Her groundbreaking accomplishments and contributions have earned her recognition, and her dedicated service deserves to be honored with a lasting legacy. Her story is a testament to the potential and power of Deaf women in our community.
Thank you all once again!
Jodi Christel Becker
HONORING THE NAME OF THE SCHOOL
AFTER ELIZABETH DELONG
AFTER ELIZABETH DELONG
In 2019, exciting news emerged from the Utah School for the Deaf, which invited suggestions from the Utah Deaf community to name their new ASL/English bilingual program on the USDB campus in Springville, Utah. The community rallied around the most popular choice: naming the program after Elizabeth "Libbie" DeLong, a remarkable figure in the Utah Deaf community who symbolizes strength and resilience. Libbie DeLong's contributions to the education and empowerment of Deaf individuals have created an indelible mark, inspiring generations to embrace their identity and pursue their dreams. The naming of the program honors her memory and reinforces the importance of community involvement in shaping educational initiatives. Thank you to everyone who contributed ideas and participated in this process!
Inspired by Jodi Christel Becker's biography of Elizabeth DeLong, which is available on our website, Nathan Harrison, our former Curriculum Director, proposed naming the school in her honor. This proposal, a direct result of community input, marks a significant milestone in our collective journey, showcasing the power of our community's influence. The input from our community has been instrumental in shaping not only our school's identity but also the values we instill in our students. As we move forward with this initiative, let us continue to collaborate and uphold the legacy of Elizabeth DeLong in all that we do.
In October 2019, administrators from the Utah School for the Deaf, the Utah State Board of Education, and the USDB Advisory Council unanimously approved a significant proposal to name the ASL/English bilingual program the Elizabeth DeLong School for the Deaf in honor of Elizabeth DeLong. This decision marks a crucial turning point in our educational journey (Michelle Tanner, personal communication, February 8, 2024). This new designation not only recognizes Elizabeth DeLong's invaluable contributions to the Utah Deaf community but also inspires current and future generations to continue her mission of fostering inclusive education and promoting bilingualism in ASL and English. As we move forward, we remain committed to upholding her legacy and ensuring that every student feels empowered and supported in their learning journey.
The new program presents exciting opportunities for our students and represents an important turning point in Deaf education, paving the way for a more inclusive and promising future. This initiative recognizes Elizabeth DeLong's contributions and serves to inspire future generations of students and educators. By fostering a bilingual environment, we are committed to enhancing communication, cultural understanding, and academic success for all learners in the Utah Deaf community.
Inspired by Jodi Christel Becker's biography of Elizabeth DeLong, which is available on our website, Nathan Harrison, our former Curriculum Director, proposed naming the school in her honor. This proposal, a direct result of community input, marks a significant milestone in our collective journey, showcasing the power of our community's influence. The input from our community has been instrumental in shaping not only our school's identity but also the values we instill in our students. As we move forward with this initiative, let us continue to collaborate and uphold the legacy of Elizabeth DeLong in all that we do.
In October 2019, administrators from the Utah School for the Deaf, the Utah State Board of Education, and the USDB Advisory Council unanimously approved a significant proposal to name the ASL/English bilingual program the Elizabeth DeLong School for the Deaf in honor of Elizabeth DeLong. This decision marks a crucial turning point in our educational journey (Michelle Tanner, personal communication, February 8, 2024). This new designation not only recognizes Elizabeth DeLong's invaluable contributions to the Utah Deaf community but also inspires current and future generations to continue her mission of fostering inclusive education and promoting bilingualism in ASL and English. As we move forward, we remain committed to upholding her legacy and ensuring that every student feels empowered and supported in their learning journey.
The new program presents exciting opportunities for our students and represents an important turning point in Deaf education, paving the way for a more inclusive and promising future. This initiative recognizes Elizabeth DeLong's contributions and serves to inspire future generations of students and educators. By fostering a bilingual environment, we are committed to enhancing communication, cultural understanding, and academic success for all learners in the Utah Deaf community.
The Elizabeth DeLong School for the Deaf officially opened its doors on January 6, 2020. The new name and identity celebrate our community and reflect our collective achievements, serving as a source of pride for everyone involved. Inspired by the early suffrage movement in Utah, Libbie pursued her academic, political, and spiritual goals, achieving several milestones, including becoming the first female president of the Utah Association of the Deaf. The school's new name honors her significant contributions to the community and symbolizes our shared accomplishments—a testament to our strength and resilience. This strength and resilience will remain an inspiration for future generations as they build upon the foundation laid by pioneers like Libbie. Together, we can foster an environment of inclusivity and empowerment, ensuring that every voice is heard and valued within our community.
The ASL/English bilingual program, now named in honor of Elizabeth DeLong, acknowledges her significant impact on the Utah Deaf community and the women's rights movement. This program not only honors her legacy but also plays an essential role in preserving the history of Deaf women and promoting equality. It ensures that every community member feels valued and included. In this spirit, we encourage active participation and collaboration to create opportunities for learning and growth. Together, we can build a stronger, more vibrant community that celebrates diversity and champions the rights of all individuals. This initiative reflects our shared commitment to progress and inclusivity. Thank you to everyone involved!
The ASL/English bilingual program, now named in honor of Elizabeth DeLong, acknowledges her significant impact on the Utah Deaf community and the women's rights movement. This program not only honors her legacy but also plays an essential role in preserving the history of Deaf women and promoting equality. It ensures that every community member feels valued and included. In this spirit, we encourage active participation and collaboration to create opportunities for learning and growth. Together, we can build a stronger, more vibrant community that celebrates diversity and champions the rights of all individuals. This initiative reflects our shared commitment to progress and inclusivity. Thank you to everyone involved!
The Elizabeth DeLong Award
I want to give a huge shout-out to Kim Lucas, President of the Utah Association of the Deaf! I'm incredibly grateful to have received the Elizabeth DeLong Award from her at the 2024 Utah Association of the Deaf conference. This award holds special significance for me because it honors a woman who dedicated her life to uplifting the Utah Deaf community. Elizabeth DeLong's advocacy inspires me, and I'm committed to continuing her legacy by supporting and empowering our community.
Having this award displayed on my desk serves as a daily reminder of the vital work that the Utah Association of the Deaf does for all of us. Thank you, Kim Lucas and the UAD officers, for your unwavering commitment and tireless efforts. Your dedication to advocating for the Utah Deaf community is truly appreciated. Together, we can create an inclusive environment where everyone's voice is heard and celebrated. Thank you for all you do!
Having this award displayed on my desk serves as a daily reminder of the vital work that the Utah Association of the Deaf does for all of us. Thank you, Kim Lucas and the UAD officers, for your unwavering commitment and tireless efforts. Your dedication to advocating for the Utah Deaf community is truly appreciated. Together, we can create an inclusive environment where everyone's voice is heard and celebrated. Thank you for all you do!
Elizabeth DeLong Holds the Distinction
of Being the First Female President
of the Utah Association of the Deaf
of Being the First Female President
of the Utah Association of the Deaf
Elizabeth “Libbie” DeLong was a pivotal figure in Utah Deaf History. Elizabeth graduated from the Utah School for the Deaf in 1897 and Gallaudet College in 1902. She later became a faculty member of the Utah School for the Deaf. She holds the distinction of being the first female president of the Utah Association of the Deaf. Her election victory was not just a personal triumph but a historic turning point in the Deaf community, showcasing the increasing leadership and influence of Deaf women in Utah. Her presidency was a powerful illustration of the importance of recognizing and celebrating the remarkable achievements of women who break down barriers and inspire others, emphasizing the need for gender equality and representation. It was a landmark event that began with the establishment of the National Association of the Deaf, leading to the formation of the Utah Association of the Deaf and culminating in her election as the first female Deaf president of the association. Her presidency was more than a title; it was a catalyst for change, with a profound impact on the Deaf community in Utah.
Following the establishment of the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) in 1880 states such as Utah began forming their own chapters. The formation of NAD marked a pivotal moment in the Deaf community's fight for recognition and rights. As state associations for the Deaf proliferated across the country, Elizabeth DeLong played a crucial role in proposing and co-founding the Utah Association of the Deaf (UAD), on June 10, 1909, at the Utah School for the Deaf, Ogden, Utah. Her vision and leadership primarily focused on addressing the social and welfare needs of the school's alums, fostering a supportive community (Evans, 1999). Her commitment and efforts led to her election as the association's first Deaf female president, a role that would significantly impact the Utah Deaf community. Competing against two male Deaf candidates on June 11, 1909, Elizabeth made history by winning the election over them, becoming the first female Deaf president not only of the Utah chapter but also of any state chapter of the National Association of the Deaf in the United States. The National Association of the Deaf, the nation's premier civil rights organization of, by, and for the Deaf, played a vital role in the national Deaf community, advocating for the rights and welfare of Deaf individuals. Elizabeth's victory was a significant milestone, a testament to the increasing influence and leadership of Deaf women in the United States.
Elizabeth's victory in the election was a notable turning point, given the societal barriers that Deaf women faced at the time. These challenges, such as a lack of voting rights and widespread gender discrimination, were hurdles that Elizabeth had to overcome. Her victory was not just a personal triumph but a significant milestone in the fight for equality and representation for Deaf women. Women did not gain the right to vote until the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920, and the National Association of the Deaf prohibited Deaf women from voting in their elections until 1964, when this policy was changed (NAD History Website). Elizabeth's election marked a crucial step toward equality and representation within the Utah Deaf community. Her presidency brought about tangible changes, including increased access to education and employment opportunities for Deaf individuals, as well as a stronger sense of community and empowerment among Deaf women. At that time, Deaf women in the United States faced additional barriers, including communication challenges and limited access to education, employment, and political opportunities, making Elizabeth's achievements even more impressive. Her leadership had influenced many, and her legacy continues to shape the Deaf community today.
Elizabeth DeLong's remarkable achievements are a testament to her unwavering perseverance. Her participation in Gallaudet College's O.W.L.S. presidential election in 1901, a secret support network for women, marked a turning point in her journey (The Buff and Blue, October 1901; This Week in 19th Amendment History: Agatha Tiegel Hanson, October 17, 1959). This platform gave her a voice to advocate for women's rights, a cause she continued to champion until the passage of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote in 1920. Her resilience in the face of societal challenges, such as gender discrimination and the fight for voting rights, as well as institutional barriers, including the National Association of the Deaf's prohibition on Deaf women voting in their elections until 1964, is an inspiration to all. Her journey was not easy, as she had to overcome societal prejudices and institutional roadblocks to achieve her historic success. As a Deaf woman in a male-dominated society, she faced additional barriers, including communication challenges and limited access to education, employment, and political opportunities. Her story is a powerful reminder of the struggles faced by Deaf women, and her triumph is a testament to the strength and resilience of the human spirit.
Elizabeth's active participation in Utah's early suffrage movement also shaped her educational, political, and spiritual aspirations. From 1909 to 1915, she served as the president of the Utah Association of the Deaf. At the end of her second term as president in 1915, she delivered a powerful speech at the Utah Association of the Deaf Convention, marking a pivotal moment in the women's suffrage movement (The Ogden Daily Standard, June 9, 1915; The UAD Bulletin, Summer 1963). In her address, she passionately championed women's suffrage, emphasizing the importance of women's voices in shaping the nation's future. Her commitment to advancing women's rights, despite the societal challenges, demonstrated her resilience and left an eternal mark on the movement, inspiring many and empowering individuals to this day.
Elizabeth made significant contributions to the Utah Deaf community and the women's suffrage movement. Her exceptional leadership and advocacy for the Deaf community in Utah, at the intersection of Deaf rights and women's rights, have made a profound and lasting impact on representation and equality in the state. Her efforts led to significant improvements in the lives of Deaf individuals, promoting social and welfare needs, which reinforces the importance of her work. Her work directly impacted the lives of Deaf individuals, providing them with increased access to education and employment opportunities and fostering a stronger sense of community and empowerment among Deaf women. Her work not only broke down barriers for Deaf women but also paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable society for all Deaf individuals, highlighting the importance of ongoing support for Deaf rights and representation.
Elizabeth's upbringing was in Utah, where women had the right to vote, a law passed by the territorial legislature on February 14, 1870—seven years before her birth. She grew up in an environment where women enjoyed their voting rights—a privilege that shaped her understanding of civic duty and equality. As a trailblazer for Deaf women in leadership roles, Elizabeth has supported women's suffrage and made significant contributions to both the Utah Deaf community and the women's rights movement, leaving an eternal mark through her work that continues to shape our society.
It is vital that we carry on Elizabeth DeLong's legacy by ensuring that Deaf women's leadership thrives in our community today and for future generations to come. Her story exemplifies the power of perseverance and determination, showing that when diverse voices, including yours, come together, they can foster meaningful change. By recognizing her efforts and contributions, we not only celebrate her achievements but also acknowledge the lasting impact of her work, which should motivate us to continue this vital work and make our own lasting contributions. One of our ASL/English bilingual schools under the umbrella of the Utah School for the Deaf is named after Elizabeth DeLong. Let's appreciate and honor the work of pioneers like Elizabeth, as she paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable future.
Enclosed are photos of Elizabeth DeLong below to provide a glimpse into her life as she grew up. Although she lost her hearing at the age of five, her life has been far from tragic. Elizabeth has achieved a great deal in her education, career, and contributions to the Utah Deaf community, particularly through her involvement with the Utah Association of the Deaf. Through her advocacy and leadership, she has inspired many individuals within the Utah Deaf community, demonstrating that challenges can be transformed into opportunities for growth and connection. Her journey is a testament to resilience and the power of community support. Enjoy viewing the pictures!
Following the establishment of the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) in 1880 states such as Utah began forming their own chapters. The formation of NAD marked a pivotal moment in the Deaf community's fight for recognition and rights. As state associations for the Deaf proliferated across the country, Elizabeth DeLong played a crucial role in proposing and co-founding the Utah Association of the Deaf (UAD), on June 10, 1909, at the Utah School for the Deaf, Ogden, Utah. Her vision and leadership primarily focused on addressing the social and welfare needs of the school's alums, fostering a supportive community (Evans, 1999). Her commitment and efforts led to her election as the association's first Deaf female president, a role that would significantly impact the Utah Deaf community. Competing against two male Deaf candidates on June 11, 1909, Elizabeth made history by winning the election over them, becoming the first female Deaf president not only of the Utah chapter but also of any state chapter of the National Association of the Deaf in the United States. The National Association of the Deaf, the nation's premier civil rights organization of, by, and for the Deaf, played a vital role in the national Deaf community, advocating for the rights and welfare of Deaf individuals. Elizabeth's victory was a significant milestone, a testament to the increasing influence and leadership of Deaf women in the United States.
Elizabeth's victory in the election was a notable turning point, given the societal barriers that Deaf women faced at the time. These challenges, such as a lack of voting rights and widespread gender discrimination, were hurdles that Elizabeth had to overcome. Her victory was not just a personal triumph but a significant milestone in the fight for equality and representation for Deaf women. Women did not gain the right to vote until the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920, and the National Association of the Deaf prohibited Deaf women from voting in their elections until 1964, when this policy was changed (NAD History Website). Elizabeth's election marked a crucial step toward equality and representation within the Utah Deaf community. Her presidency brought about tangible changes, including increased access to education and employment opportunities for Deaf individuals, as well as a stronger sense of community and empowerment among Deaf women. At that time, Deaf women in the United States faced additional barriers, including communication challenges and limited access to education, employment, and political opportunities, making Elizabeth's achievements even more impressive. Her leadership had influenced many, and her legacy continues to shape the Deaf community today.
Elizabeth DeLong's remarkable achievements are a testament to her unwavering perseverance. Her participation in Gallaudet College's O.W.L.S. presidential election in 1901, a secret support network for women, marked a turning point in her journey (The Buff and Blue, October 1901; This Week in 19th Amendment History: Agatha Tiegel Hanson, October 17, 1959). This platform gave her a voice to advocate for women's rights, a cause she continued to champion until the passage of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote in 1920. Her resilience in the face of societal challenges, such as gender discrimination and the fight for voting rights, as well as institutional barriers, including the National Association of the Deaf's prohibition on Deaf women voting in their elections until 1964, is an inspiration to all. Her journey was not easy, as she had to overcome societal prejudices and institutional roadblocks to achieve her historic success. As a Deaf woman in a male-dominated society, she faced additional barriers, including communication challenges and limited access to education, employment, and political opportunities. Her story is a powerful reminder of the struggles faced by Deaf women, and her triumph is a testament to the strength and resilience of the human spirit.
Elizabeth's active participation in Utah's early suffrage movement also shaped her educational, political, and spiritual aspirations. From 1909 to 1915, she served as the president of the Utah Association of the Deaf. At the end of her second term as president in 1915, she delivered a powerful speech at the Utah Association of the Deaf Convention, marking a pivotal moment in the women's suffrage movement (The Ogden Daily Standard, June 9, 1915; The UAD Bulletin, Summer 1963). In her address, she passionately championed women's suffrage, emphasizing the importance of women's voices in shaping the nation's future. Her commitment to advancing women's rights, despite the societal challenges, demonstrated her resilience and left an eternal mark on the movement, inspiring many and empowering individuals to this day.
Elizabeth made significant contributions to the Utah Deaf community and the women's suffrage movement. Her exceptional leadership and advocacy for the Deaf community in Utah, at the intersection of Deaf rights and women's rights, have made a profound and lasting impact on representation and equality in the state. Her efforts led to significant improvements in the lives of Deaf individuals, promoting social and welfare needs, which reinforces the importance of her work. Her work directly impacted the lives of Deaf individuals, providing them with increased access to education and employment opportunities and fostering a stronger sense of community and empowerment among Deaf women. Her work not only broke down barriers for Deaf women but also paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable society for all Deaf individuals, highlighting the importance of ongoing support for Deaf rights and representation.
Elizabeth's upbringing was in Utah, where women had the right to vote, a law passed by the territorial legislature on February 14, 1870—seven years before her birth. She grew up in an environment where women enjoyed their voting rights—a privilege that shaped her understanding of civic duty and equality. As a trailblazer for Deaf women in leadership roles, Elizabeth has supported women's suffrage and made significant contributions to both the Utah Deaf community and the women's rights movement, leaving an eternal mark through her work that continues to shape our society.
It is vital that we carry on Elizabeth DeLong's legacy by ensuring that Deaf women's leadership thrives in our community today and for future generations to come. Her story exemplifies the power of perseverance and determination, showing that when diverse voices, including yours, come together, they can foster meaningful change. By recognizing her efforts and contributions, we not only celebrate her achievements but also acknowledge the lasting impact of her work, which should motivate us to continue this vital work and make our own lasting contributions. One of our ASL/English bilingual schools under the umbrella of the Utah School for the Deaf is named after Elizabeth DeLong. Let's appreciate and honor the work of pioneers like Elizabeth, as she paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable future.
Enclosed are photos of Elizabeth DeLong below to provide a glimpse into her life as she grew up. Although she lost her hearing at the age of five, her life has been far from tragic. Elizabeth has achieved a great deal in her education, career, and contributions to the Utah Deaf community, particularly through her involvement with the Utah Association of the Deaf. Through her advocacy and leadership, she has inspired many individuals within the Utah Deaf community, demonstrating that challenges can be transformed into opportunities for growth and connection. Her journey is a testament to resilience and the power of community support. Enjoy viewing the pictures!
To Learn More About Elizabeth DeLong,
Please Visit the Links Below
Please Visit the Links Below
The Utah School for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, as it was called back then, was featured in the Ogden Daily Standard on December 20, 1902. The staff members were, from top to bottom, L-R: Albert Talage, Catherine King, Elizabeth DeLong, Superintendent Frank M. Driggs (Center), Sarah Whalen, E.S. Henne, and Max W. Woodbury
References
"Deaf People of Two States Will Hold Reunion." The Ogden Daily Standard, June 9, 1915.
Evans, David S. "A Silent World in the Intermountain West: Records from the Utah School for the Deaf and Blind: 1884-1941." A thesis presented to the Department of History, Utah State University. 1999.
"From the Minutes." The UAD Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 10 (Summer 1963): 4 & 5.
"Locals." The Buff and Blue, vol. 10, no. 1 (October 1901), p. 29.
"NAD History." https://www.nad.org/about-us/nad-history/
"This Week in 19th Amendment History: Agatha Tiegel Hanson." (October 17, 1959). https://library.arlingtonva.us/2019/10/14/this-week-in-19th-amendment-history-agatha-tiegel-hanson/
Evans, David S. "A Silent World in the Intermountain West: Records from the Utah School for the Deaf and Blind: 1884-1941." A thesis presented to the Department of History, Utah State University. 1999.
"From the Minutes." The UAD Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 10 (Summer 1963): 4 & 5.
"Locals." The Buff and Blue, vol. 10, no. 1 (October 1901), p. 29.
"NAD History." https://www.nad.org/about-us/nad-history/
"This Week in 19th Amendment History: Agatha Tiegel Hanson." (October 17, 1959). https://library.arlingtonva.us/2019/10/14/this-week-in-19th-amendment-history-agatha-tiegel-hanson/