Outstanding Resilience
Contributed to the Success
of Utah's Deaf Women's History
Contributed to the Success
of Utah's Deaf Women's History
Compiled & Written by Jodi Christel Becker
Edited by Valerie G. Kinney
Published in 2020
Updated in 2025
Edited by Valerie G. Kinney
Published in 2020
Updated in 2025
Author's Note
As a Deaf feminist with a strong passion for Women's Studies, I am deeply moved by the incredible resilience and achievements of Deaf women in Utah. These women have accomplished remarkable feats despite facing unique challenges in social, economic, professional, and political spheres due to their hearing loss. From leading successful businesses to earning advanced degrees, their determination and strength serve as a powerful reminder of the importance of intersectionality within the feminist movement as they tackle the obstacles associated with being Deaf alongside the societal barriers faced by women.
Defining what it means to be a Deaf woman in today's society, their stories and contributions are a cause for celebration. By highlighting these experiences, we can inspire future generations to advocate for inclusivity and strive for equality for all. I hope this webpage serves as a source of hope and inspiration for everyone. Through shared experiences and the crucial element of mutual understanding, we can foster a more inclusive dialogue that acknowledges the diverse identities within the feminist movement. By uniting, we can break down the obstacles that obstruct progress and ensure the recognition and appreciation of every voice, including those of Deaf women.
In my historical work, I use first names for everyone—men, women, and LGBTQ+ individuals—to honor their unique contributions and challenge the patriarchal norm of associating women's achievements with their husbands' last names. This choice acknowledges their contributions under their names, which is essential for recognizing their identities. Using first names not only makes each person feel valued and respected, but it also highlights the importance of women's advocacy in our community and fosters inclusivity. This approach emphasizes women's accomplishments and contributions while acknowledging the unique identity of each individual.
Also, our organization was previously known as the Utah Association for the Deaf, but we changed our name to the Utah Association of the Deaf in 2012. For some background, we were known as the Utah Association of the Deaf from 1909 to 1962, then became the Utah Association for the Deaf in 1963, and finally reverted to our original name in 2012. When I write for the history website, I mention both "of" and "for" to reflect the different eras of our association's history.
Thank you so much for your interest in this topic! I'm thrilled to share these stories with you.
Enjoy!
Jodi Christel Becker
Defining what it means to be a Deaf woman in today's society, their stories and contributions are a cause for celebration. By highlighting these experiences, we can inspire future generations to advocate for inclusivity and strive for equality for all. I hope this webpage serves as a source of hope and inspiration for everyone. Through shared experiences and the crucial element of mutual understanding, we can foster a more inclusive dialogue that acknowledges the diverse identities within the feminist movement. By uniting, we can break down the obstacles that obstruct progress and ensure the recognition and appreciation of every voice, including those of Deaf women.
In my historical work, I use first names for everyone—men, women, and LGBTQ+ individuals—to honor their unique contributions and challenge the patriarchal norm of associating women's achievements with their husbands' last names. This choice acknowledges their contributions under their names, which is essential for recognizing their identities. Using first names not only makes each person feel valued and respected, but it also highlights the importance of women's advocacy in our community and fosters inclusivity. This approach emphasizes women's accomplishments and contributions while acknowledging the unique identity of each individual.
Also, our organization was previously known as the Utah Association for the Deaf, but we changed our name to the Utah Association of the Deaf in 2012. For some background, we were known as the Utah Association of the Deaf from 1909 to 1962, then became the Utah Association for the Deaf in 1963, and finally reverted to our original name in 2012. When I write for the history website, I mention both "of" and "for" to reflect the different eras of our association's history.
Thank you so much for your interest in this topic! I'm thrilled to share these stories with you.
Enjoy!
Jodi Christel Becker
Deaf Women's Conference in Utah
The Deaf Women's Conference, a pivotal event in the history of Deaf women's rights, took place on October 6, 1979, at the International Dunes Hotel in Salt Lake City, Utah. The event was sponsored by President W. David Mortensen, also known as Dave, who is associated with the Utah Association for the Deaf, marked a significant turning point in the advocacy for Deaf women's rights. This conference brought together Deaf women from Utah to discuss issues such as access to education, employment opportunities, and healthcare. It promoted a sense of connection and empowerment, inspiring participants to advocate for their rights and challenge societal barriers. Participants left the conference feeling energized and equipped with new tools to effect change in their communities. The event not only fostered solidarity among Deaf women but also laid the groundwork for future initiatives aimed at advancing their rights and visibility in society.
W. David Mortensen, UAD President
Lois Jones, the chairperson, led a committee that included Celia May Laramie Baldwin, Darlene Stewart Cochran, and Ilene Coles Kinner in the planning of the conference. Over eighty women aged 18 to 80 attended the conference (The Deaf American, February 6, 1980). The event provided a valuable opportunity for networking, sharing experiences, and discussing issues pertinent to the deaf community. Participants engaged in workshops and panel discussions, fostering an environment of collaboration and empowerment.
Utah Deaf Women Conference. L-R: Darlene Stewart Cochran, Ilene Coles Kinner, Lois Jones, & Celia May Laramie Baldwin, 1979
"New Horizons For Deaf Women"
A Deaf Advocate for Women's Rights
Dr. Gertrude Scott Galloway, a champion of Deaf women's rights and the first female president of the National Association of the Deaf, delivered a keynote address to the conference audience. In her speech, she emphasized the significance of women's rights and their impact on various aspects, including credit cards, salaries, and surnames. She also mentioned Agatha Tiegel Hanson, the first female graduate of Gallaudet College in 1893, the valedictorian of Gallaudet College, and an early champion of both Deaf & Women's rights. She cited her graduation speech, "New Horizons for Deaf Women," which was written even before the passage of the Women's Suffrage Act (The Deaf American, February 6, 1980). Agatha Tiegel Hanson emphasized the importance of education and empowerment for women, particularly those in the Deaf community, advocating for their equal rights in all areas of society. Her pioneering efforts laid the groundwork for future advancements in women's rights, highlighting the crucial and inseparable relationship between gender equality and accessibility.
It is worth noting that between 1864 and 1887, Gallaudet College denied admission to Deaf women (Gallaudet University: US History Encyclopedia). This exclusion was a reflection of the prevailing societal attitudes of the time, which often marginalized women from attending college, especially Deaf women. These women found it challenging to enroll at Gallaudet due to their gender status and the prevalent societal norms. The acceptance of Deaf women at Gallaudet in 1887 was a testament to the courage and determination of these women in challenging these norms and advocating for their rights. This change not only highlighted the value of diversity within the institution but also the importance of inclusivity in education.
This historic speech highlighted the barriers faced by Deaf women and called for greater opportunities and rights in society. By referencing Agatha Tigel Hanson's contributions, the speaker underscored the ongoing and persistent struggle for equality and the crucial role of education in empowering women, especially those in the Deaf community. Amplifying women's voices is essential not only for achieving equality but also for fostering a more inclusive society. As we reflect on the contributions of pioneers like Agatha Tigel Hanson, we are reminded of the importance of advocating for marginalized groups and ensuring their stories are heard and valued.
It is worth noting that between 1864 and 1887, Gallaudet College denied admission to Deaf women (Gallaudet University: US History Encyclopedia). This exclusion was a reflection of the prevailing societal attitudes of the time, which often marginalized women from attending college, especially Deaf women. These women found it challenging to enroll at Gallaudet due to their gender status and the prevalent societal norms. The acceptance of Deaf women at Gallaudet in 1887 was a testament to the courage and determination of these women in challenging these norms and advocating for their rights. This change not only highlighted the value of diversity within the institution but also the importance of inclusivity in education.
This historic speech highlighted the barriers faced by Deaf women and called for greater opportunities and rights in society. By referencing Agatha Tigel Hanson's contributions, the speaker underscored the ongoing and persistent struggle for equality and the crucial role of education in empowering women, especially those in the Deaf community. Amplifying women's voices is essential not only for achieving equality but also for fostering a more inclusive society. As we reflect on the contributions of pioneers like Agatha Tigel Hanson, we are reminded of the importance of advocating for marginalized groups and ensuring their stories are heard and valued.
Dr. Gertrude Scott Galloway. Source: Deaf Life, August 2014
"Women should be free as the air to
learn what she will and do devote her life to
whatever vocation seems good to her…It is true
that we have made a start in the right direction. But that start hasbeen made very recently, and it is too
early to pass sentence on the results."
~Agatha Tiegel Hanson, 1893
learn what she will and do devote her life to
whatever vocation seems good to her…It is true
that we have made a start in the right direction. But that start hasbeen made very recently, and it is too
early to pass sentence on the results."
~Agatha Tiegel Hanson, 1893
Agatha Tiegel Hanson. Source: Gallaudet University Archives
Workshops at the
Deaf Women's Conference
Deaf Women's Conference
The workshops, led by Beth Ann Stewart Campbell, an esteemed local interpreter and Child of Deaf Adults (CODA), and Nancy R. Rarus, a passionate advocate for Deaf Rights, covered a wide range of topics. Beth Ann's discussions on sex, family, and money were relevant to everyone. At the same time, Nancy's focus on leadership among women and the Utah Community Center for the Deaf proposal gave attendees valuable perspectives on the issues affecting Deaf women. These conversations promoted a sense of community and empowerment, encouraging participants to share their experiences and insights. The synergy between Beth Ann's and Nancy's expertise created a dynamic environment that inspired attendees to advocate for change and support one another in their journeys.
The conference, a resounding success, left a lasting positive impression on the attendees, sparking discussions about a potential women's conference in the coming year. The transformative effect of the conference was evident when one husband shared that his wife returned with a newfound sense of happiness, prompting him to pledge his unwavering support for her attendance, even if it meant paying $9.00 each time! (The Deaf American, February 6, 1980). This commitment highlights the profound impact the conference had on relationships, fostering an environment where partners can grow together. As discussions continue about future events, it is clear that the desire for empowerment and connection among women remains a strong and enduring one.
Since Agatha Tiegel Hanson's groundbreaking speech at Gallaudet in 1893, women's progress and opportunities have been steadily advancing, and this trend continues to this day. While we acknowledge the progress, our commitment to achieving equal opportunities for women and girls remains unwavering, inspiring us to continue the fight for equality. This ongoing struggle is vital for the advancement of women and girls, as well as the enrichment of society. By fostering unity and collaboration, we can create a world where everyone has the chance to thrive and contribute their unique strengths.
The conference, a resounding success, left a lasting positive impression on the attendees, sparking discussions about a potential women's conference in the coming year. The transformative effect of the conference was evident when one husband shared that his wife returned with a newfound sense of happiness, prompting him to pledge his unwavering support for her attendance, even if it meant paying $9.00 each time! (The Deaf American, February 6, 1980). This commitment highlights the profound impact the conference had on relationships, fostering an environment where partners can grow together. As discussions continue about future events, it is clear that the desire for empowerment and connection among women remains a strong and enduring one.
Since Agatha Tiegel Hanson's groundbreaking speech at Gallaudet in 1893, women's progress and opportunities have been steadily advancing, and this trend continues to this day. While we acknowledge the progress, our commitment to achieving equal opportunities for women and girls remains unwavering, inspiring us to continue the fight for equality. This ongoing struggle is vital for the advancement of women and girls, as well as the enrichment of society. By fostering unity and collaboration, we can create a world where everyone has the chance to thrive and contribute their unique strengths.
Nancy Rarus, Gertrude Galloway & Beth Ann Campbell, hands making a female symbol shape. Source: The Deaf American, February 6, 1980
A Female Symbol
Female Symbol. Source: clipart-library.com
The Utah Deaf Women's Conference attendees, 1979
1994 Deaf Women's Conference in Utah
The Deaf Women's Conference, a significant event in the history of Deaf women's advocacy, took place at Salt Lake Community College on October 21–21, 1994, fifteen years later. Kristi Mortensen, a local Deaf feminist, chaired the conference, which had the theme "Towards the 21st Century: An Exciting Journey."
The keynote speaker was Dr. Barbara Brauer, a pioneer in Deaf Mental Health. Dr. Petra M. Horn-Marsh, a Deaf Bilingual advocate, also presented the history of Deaf women's struggles and accomplishments. During the workshop sessions, Dr. Brauer delivered a talk on "Women and Violence," and Dr. Lawrence Fleischer, a professor of Deaf Studies at California State University, Northridge, presented "The Enhanced Image of a Deaf Woman: Amee Mathews." Amee Mathews, a trailblazer in the Deaf community, highlighted the importance of representation and empowerment for Deaf women in contemporary society. Her insights, alongside those of Dr. Brauer and Dr. Horn-Marsh, created a rich dialogue about the ongoing challenges and triumphs faced by Deaf women, inspiring many attendees to advocate for change and support one another in their journeys.
The keynote speaker was Dr. Barbara Brauer, a pioneer in Deaf Mental Health. Dr. Petra M. Horn-Marsh, a Deaf Bilingual advocate, also presented the history of Deaf women's struggles and accomplishments. During the workshop sessions, Dr. Brauer delivered a talk on "Women and Violence," and Dr. Lawrence Fleischer, a professor of Deaf Studies at California State University, Northridge, presented "The Enhanced Image of a Deaf Woman: Amee Mathews." Amee Mathews, a trailblazer in the Deaf community, highlighted the importance of representation and empowerment for Deaf women in contemporary society. Her insights, alongside those of Dr. Brauer and Dr. Horn-Marsh, created a rich dialogue about the ongoing challenges and triumphs faced by Deaf women, inspiring many attendees to advocate for change and support one another in their journeys.
Kristi Mortensen
Women Viewed as a Marginalized Group
Women, despite outnumbering men in college and the workforce, are still considered a marginalized group. Particularly, Deaf women endure further marginalization and potential double discrimination (The Deaf American, February 6, 1980). Women often face marginalization in various spheres, including educational, social, economic, professional, and political contexts. Utah ranks lowest in the nation in terms of gender equality, with a low representation of women in politics, a gender pay gap, and a disparity between men and women in obtaining a college education. Despite these challenges, women across the country are working to advocate, educate, and promote gender equality. These efforts include grassroots activism, mentorship programs, and policy advocacy aimed at dismantling systemic barriers. By uniting their voices and resources, women are striving to create a more equitable future for themselves and future generations.
Dr. Petra M. Horn-Marsh
Deaf Women Face Double Barriers
Deaf women, who confront communication barriers and double oppression, face a range of challenges. These include issues related to education, socialization, economic opportunities, professionalism, and politics. Despite these hurdles, many Deaf women have led lives as fulfilling and productive as their hearing peers. Some have even surpassed significant obstacles to achieve remarkable success in their educational pursuits and careers. It is vital to recognize and celebrate these women's accomplishments. The website showcases 'Biographies of Prominent Utah Deaf Women' who have made notable contributions, emphasizing the value of acknowledging their achievements and the respect they deserve. These biographies not only inspire but also serve as a testament to the resilience and determination shown by these exceptional individuals. By sharing their stories, we can cultivate a deeper understanding and respect for the unique challenges faced by Deaf women and the significant impact they have made in their communities.
Source: 'Towards the 21st Century: An Exciting Journey.' The Utah Deaf Women's Conference at Salt Lake Community Center on October 21-22, 1994
Utah Deaf Women Who Made
a Difference in the Deaf Community
a Difference in the Deaf Community
It is worth noting that during the late 1800s and early 1900s, Utah was a hub of progressive women who actively pursued education and careers while advocating for their political goals, even in the context of practicing polygamy. These women, engaged in a diverse range of professions including activism, medicine, academia, writing, and politics (Brooks, Steenblik, & Wheelwright, 2016), were at the forefront of change. The suffrage movement, a critical moment in women's history, significantly shaped their aspirations. This influence also extended to Deaf women in Utah, such as Elizabeth DeLong, Mary Anne Woolsayer, and Emma Magdalene Emmertson, providing a rich historical context that sheds light on the roots of women's activism in the state. This activism not only highlighted the struggles and achievements of women within the Deaf community but also underscored the intersectionality of gender, disability, and social justice. By examining their contributions, we gain a deeper understanding of the diverse forces that have shaped women's rights movements throughout Utah's history.
Elizabeth DeLong Holds the Distinction of
Being the First Female President of the
Utah Association of the Deaf
Being the First Female President of the
Utah Association of the Deaf
Elizabeth “Libbie” DeLong was a pivotal figure in Utah Deaf History. Elizabeth graduated from the Utah School for the Deaf in 1897 and Gallaudet College in 1902. She later became a faculty member of the Utah School for the Deaf. She holds the distinction of being the first female president of the Utah Association of the Deaf. Her election victory was not just a personal triumph but a historic turning point in the Deaf community, showcasing the increasing leadership and influence of Deaf women in Utah. Her presidency was a powerful illustration of the importance of recognizing and celebrating the remarkable achievements of women who break down barriers and inspire others, emphasizing the need for gender equality and representation. It was a landmark event that began with the establishment of the National Association of the Deaf, leading to the formation of the Utah Association of the Deaf and culminating in her election as the first female Deaf president of the association. Her presidency was more than a title; it was a catalyst for change, with a profound impact on the Deaf community in Utah.
Following the establishment of the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) in 1880 states such as Utah began forming their own chapters. The formation of NAD marked a pivotal moment in the Deaf community's fight for recognition and rights. As state associations for the Deaf proliferated across the country, Elizabeth DeLong played a crucial role in proposing and co-founding the Utah Association of the Deaf (UAD), on June 10, 1909, at the Utah School for the Deaf, Ogden, Utah. Her vision and leadership primarily focused on addressing the social and welfare needs of the school's alums, fostering a supportive community (Evans, 1999). Her commitment and efforts led to her election as the association's first Deaf female president, a role that would significantly impact the Utah Deaf community. Competing against two male Deaf candidates on June 11, 1909, Elizabeth made history by winning the election over them, becoming the first female Deaf president not only of the Utah chapter but also of any state chapter of the National Association of the Deaf in the United States. The National Association of the Deaf, the nation's premier civil rights organization of, by, and for the Deaf, played a vital role in the national Deaf community, advocating for the rights and welfare of Deaf individuals. Elizabeth's victory was a significant milestone, a testament to the increasing influence and leadership of Deaf women in the United States.
Elizabeth's victory in the election was a notable turning point, given the societal barriers that Deaf women faced at the time. These challenges, such as a lack of voting rights and widespread gender discrimination, were hurdles that Elizabeth had to overcome. Her victory was not just a personal triumph but a significant milestone in the fight for equality and representation for Deaf women. Women did not gain the right to vote until the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920, and the National Association of the Deaf prohibited Deaf women from voting in their elections until 1964, when this policy was changed (NAD History Website). Elizabeth's election marked a crucial step toward equality and representation within the Utah Deaf community. Her presidency brought about tangible changes, including increased access to education and employment opportunities for Deaf individuals, as well as a stronger sense of community and empowerment among Deaf women. At that time, Deaf women in the United States faced additional barriers, including communication challenges and limited access to education, employment, and political opportunities, making Elizabeth's achievements even more impressive. Her leadership had influenced many, and her legacy continues to shape the Deaf community today.
Elizabeth DeLong's remarkable achievements are a testament to her unwavering perseverance. Her participation in Gallaudet College's O.W.L.S. presidential election in 1901, a secret support network for women, marked a turning point in her journey (The Buff and Blue, October 1901; This Week in 19th Amendment History: Agatha Tiegel Hanson, October 17, 1959). This platform gave her a voice to advocate for women's rights, a cause she continued to champion until the passage of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote in 1920. Her resilience in the face of societal challenges, such as gender discrimination and the fight for voting rights, as well as institutional barriers, including the National Association of the Deaf's prohibition on Deaf women voting in their elections until 1964, is an inspiration to all. Her journey was not easy, as she had to overcome societal prejudices and institutional roadblocks to achieve her historic success. As a Deaf woman in a male-dominated society, she faced additional barriers, including communication challenges and limited access to education, employment, and political opportunities. Her story is a powerful reminder of the struggles faced by Deaf women, and her triumph is a testament to the strength and resilience of the human spirit.
Elizabeth's active participation in Utah's early suffrage movement also shaped her educational, political, and spiritual aspirations. From 1909 to 1915, she served as the president of the Utah Association of the Deaf. At the end of her second term as president in 1915, she delivered a powerful speech at the Utah Association of the Deaf Convention, marking a pivotal moment in the women's suffrage movement (The Ogden Daily Standard, June 9, 1915; The UAD Bulletin, Summer 1963). In her address, she passionately championed women's suffrage, emphasizing the importance of women's voices in shaping the nation's future. Her commitment to advancing women's rights, despite the societal challenges, demonstrated her resilience and left an eternal mark on the movement, inspiring many and empowering individuals to this day.
Elizabeth made significant contributions to the Utah Deaf community and the women's suffrage movement. Her exceptional leadership and advocacy for the Deaf community in Utah, at the intersection of Deaf rights and women's rights, have made a profound and lasting impact on representation and equality in the state. Her efforts led to significant improvements in the lives of Deaf individuals, promoting social and welfare needs, which reinforces the importance of her work. Her work directly impacted the lives of Deaf individuals, providing them with increased access to education and employment opportunities and fostering a stronger sense of community and empowerment among Deaf women. Her work not only broke down barriers for Deaf women but also paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable society for all Deaf individuals, highlighting the importance of ongoing support for Deaf rights and representation.
Elizabeth's upbringing was in Utah, where women had the right to vote, a law passed by the territorial legislature on February 14, 1870—seven years before her birth. She grew up in an environment where women enjoyed their voting rights—a privilege that shaped her understanding of civic duty and equality. As a trailblazer for Deaf women in leadership roles, Elizabeth has supported women's suffrage and made significant contributions to both the Utah Deaf community and the women's rights movement, leaving an eternal mark through her work that continues to shape our society.
It is vital that we carry on Elizabeth DeLong's legacy by ensuring that Deaf women's leadership thrives in our community today and for future generations to come. Her story exemplifies the power of perseverance and determination, showing that when diverse voices, including yours, come together, they can foster meaningful change. By recognizing her efforts and contributions, we not only celebrate her achievements but also acknowledge the lasting impact of her work, which should motivate us to continue this vital work and make our own lasting contributions. One of our ASL/English bilingual schools under the umbrella of the Utah School for the Deaf is named after Elizabeth DeLong. Let's appreciate and honor the work of pioneers like Elizabeth, as she paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable future.
The BetterDays2020 website features Elizabeth DeLong's biography, along with the stories of other trailblazing women from Utah who have made significant contributions to the state's history. These narratives highlight the resilience and determination of these women, showcasing their achievements to inspire future generations to pursue their own paths of leadership and innovation.
Following the establishment of the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) in 1880 states such as Utah began forming their own chapters. The formation of NAD marked a pivotal moment in the Deaf community's fight for recognition and rights. As state associations for the Deaf proliferated across the country, Elizabeth DeLong played a crucial role in proposing and co-founding the Utah Association of the Deaf (UAD), on June 10, 1909, at the Utah School for the Deaf, Ogden, Utah. Her vision and leadership primarily focused on addressing the social and welfare needs of the school's alums, fostering a supportive community (Evans, 1999). Her commitment and efforts led to her election as the association's first Deaf female president, a role that would significantly impact the Utah Deaf community. Competing against two male Deaf candidates on June 11, 1909, Elizabeth made history by winning the election over them, becoming the first female Deaf president not only of the Utah chapter but also of any state chapter of the National Association of the Deaf in the United States. The National Association of the Deaf, the nation's premier civil rights organization of, by, and for the Deaf, played a vital role in the national Deaf community, advocating for the rights and welfare of Deaf individuals. Elizabeth's victory was a significant milestone, a testament to the increasing influence and leadership of Deaf women in the United States.
Elizabeth's victory in the election was a notable turning point, given the societal barriers that Deaf women faced at the time. These challenges, such as a lack of voting rights and widespread gender discrimination, were hurdles that Elizabeth had to overcome. Her victory was not just a personal triumph but a significant milestone in the fight for equality and representation for Deaf women. Women did not gain the right to vote until the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920, and the National Association of the Deaf prohibited Deaf women from voting in their elections until 1964, when this policy was changed (NAD History Website). Elizabeth's election marked a crucial step toward equality and representation within the Utah Deaf community. Her presidency brought about tangible changes, including increased access to education and employment opportunities for Deaf individuals, as well as a stronger sense of community and empowerment among Deaf women. At that time, Deaf women in the United States faced additional barriers, including communication challenges and limited access to education, employment, and political opportunities, making Elizabeth's achievements even more impressive. Her leadership had influenced many, and her legacy continues to shape the Deaf community today.
Elizabeth DeLong's remarkable achievements are a testament to her unwavering perseverance. Her participation in Gallaudet College's O.W.L.S. presidential election in 1901, a secret support network for women, marked a turning point in her journey (The Buff and Blue, October 1901; This Week in 19th Amendment History: Agatha Tiegel Hanson, October 17, 1959). This platform gave her a voice to advocate for women's rights, a cause she continued to champion until the passage of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote in 1920. Her resilience in the face of societal challenges, such as gender discrimination and the fight for voting rights, as well as institutional barriers, including the National Association of the Deaf's prohibition on Deaf women voting in their elections until 1964, is an inspiration to all. Her journey was not easy, as she had to overcome societal prejudices and institutional roadblocks to achieve her historic success. As a Deaf woman in a male-dominated society, she faced additional barriers, including communication challenges and limited access to education, employment, and political opportunities. Her story is a powerful reminder of the struggles faced by Deaf women, and her triumph is a testament to the strength and resilience of the human spirit.
Elizabeth's active participation in Utah's early suffrage movement also shaped her educational, political, and spiritual aspirations. From 1909 to 1915, she served as the president of the Utah Association of the Deaf. At the end of her second term as president in 1915, she delivered a powerful speech at the Utah Association of the Deaf Convention, marking a pivotal moment in the women's suffrage movement (The Ogden Daily Standard, June 9, 1915; The UAD Bulletin, Summer 1963). In her address, she passionately championed women's suffrage, emphasizing the importance of women's voices in shaping the nation's future. Her commitment to advancing women's rights, despite the societal challenges, demonstrated her resilience and left an eternal mark on the movement, inspiring many and empowering individuals to this day.
Elizabeth made significant contributions to the Utah Deaf community and the women's suffrage movement. Her exceptional leadership and advocacy for the Deaf community in Utah, at the intersection of Deaf rights and women's rights, have made a profound and lasting impact on representation and equality in the state. Her efforts led to significant improvements in the lives of Deaf individuals, promoting social and welfare needs, which reinforces the importance of her work. Her work directly impacted the lives of Deaf individuals, providing them with increased access to education and employment opportunities and fostering a stronger sense of community and empowerment among Deaf women. Her work not only broke down barriers for Deaf women but also paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable society for all Deaf individuals, highlighting the importance of ongoing support for Deaf rights and representation.
Elizabeth's upbringing was in Utah, where women had the right to vote, a law passed by the territorial legislature on February 14, 1870—seven years before her birth. She grew up in an environment where women enjoyed their voting rights—a privilege that shaped her understanding of civic duty and equality. As a trailblazer for Deaf women in leadership roles, Elizabeth has supported women's suffrage and made significant contributions to both the Utah Deaf community and the women's rights movement, leaving an eternal mark through her work that continues to shape our society.
It is vital that we carry on Elizabeth DeLong's legacy by ensuring that Deaf women's leadership thrives in our community today and for future generations to come. Her story exemplifies the power of perseverance and determination, showing that when diverse voices, including yours, come together, they can foster meaningful change. By recognizing her efforts and contributions, we not only celebrate her achievements but also acknowledge the lasting impact of her work, which should motivate us to continue this vital work and make our own lasting contributions. One of our ASL/English bilingual schools under the umbrella of the Utah School for the Deaf is named after Elizabeth DeLong. Let's appreciate and honor the work of pioneers like Elizabeth, as she paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable future.
The BetterDays2020 website features Elizabeth DeLong's biography, along with the stories of other trailblazing women from Utah who have made significant contributions to the state's history. These narratives highlight the resilience and determination of these women, showcasing their achievements to inspire future generations to pursue their own paths of leadership and innovation.
Elizabeth DeLong. Source: FamilySearch.org
Emma Magdalene Emmertson,
Suffragette Leader
Suffragette Leader
Emma Magdalene Emmertson was a dedicated educator in Deaf education, graduating from the Utah School for the Deaf in 1907 and the University of Utah in 1917 (The 1916-1917 Catalog of the University of Utah; The 1916-1917 University of Utah Commencement Program). According to her grandson, Don Jorgenson II, in an interview with Carolyn Jorgenson, she was also a suffragette who actively participated in the Women's Suffrage Movement from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. This significant social and political campaign aimed to secure voting rights for women. Emma's granddaughter, Kristan Jorgensen, also described her as a very strong woman on FamilySearch.org (KristanKap, FamilySearch.org, December 7, 2017).
Kristan emphasized that Emma's determination and resilience inspired not only her family but also those around her during a pivotal time in history. Emma's legacy as a champion for women's rights continues to resonate, reminding future generations of the importance of advocacy and perseverance in the pursuit of equality.
Utah's women's suffrage campaign, rooted in the local community, significantly influenced Emma's activism. This grassroots movement achieved the right to vote for women in 1870 and left a profound impact on Elizabeth DeLong, the first female president of the Utah Association of the Deaf. The courage and determination of these trailblazing women inspired Emma and strengthened her commitment to activism. The Women's Suffrage Movement in Utah illustrates how local efforts can lead to national change, transforming societal perspectives on gender equality and inspiring countless individuals like Emma to fight for justice for marginalized communities. Emma's activism thrived as she worked passionately to advocate for the rights of the Utah Deaf community, motivated by the resilience of those who came before her.
Kristan emphasized that Emma's determination and resilience inspired not only her family but also those around her during a pivotal time in history. Emma's legacy as a champion for women's rights continues to resonate, reminding future generations of the importance of advocacy and perseverance in the pursuit of equality.
Utah's women's suffrage campaign, rooted in the local community, significantly influenced Emma's activism. This grassroots movement achieved the right to vote for women in 1870 and left a profound impact on Elizabeth DeLong, the first female president of the Utah Association of the Deaf. The courage and determination of these trailblazing women inspired Emma and strengthened her commitment to activism. The Women's Suffrage Movement in Utah illustrates how local efforts can lead to national change, transforming societal perspectives on gender equality and inspiring countless individuals like Emma to fight for justice for marginalized communities. Emma's activism thrived as she worked passionately to advocate for the rights of the Utah Deaf community, motivated by the resilience of those who came before her.
Emma M. Emmertson. Source: The Utah Eagle, June 6, 1907
Mary Anne Wooslayer, Resilient Leader
Mary Anne Wooslayer, a 1907 graduate of the Utah School for the Deaf, made history as the first female Deaf student to earn a bachelor's degree from the University of Utah in 1916 (University of Utah Transcript, 1916; Mary Woolslayer's Autobiography). Her journey was made possible by the support of Maud May Babcock, a member of the Utah School for the Deaf Board of Trustees and a faculty member at the University of Utah. Maud's guidance and advocacy during Mary's time at the university played a crucial role in her success (Mary Woolslayer Photograph Collection, 1890). The early efforts in the state to promote education and career opportunities for women, along with Mary's connection to Maud May Babcock, likely influenced her decision to pursue higher education at the University of Utah.
Similarly, Emma M. Emmertson enrolled at the University of Utah in 1911 and graduated in 1917, illustrating the opportunities available to women at the time. After finishing college, Mary and Emma went on to teach at state schools for the deaf. Their commitment to education improved their lives and paved the way for future generations of women in this field. Mary and Emma, who worked as Deaf educators, not only inspired many students but also strongly advocated the importance of access to education, highlighting its value in society.
Similarly, Emma M. Emmertson enrolled at the University of Utah in 1911 and graduated in 1917, illustrating the opportunities available to women at the time. After finishing college, Mary and Emma went on to teach at state schools for the deaf. Their commitment to education improved their lives and paved the way for future generations of women in this field. Mary and Emma, who worked as Deaf educators, not only inspired many students but also strongly advocated the importance of access to education, highlighting its value in society.
Mary Anne Wooslayer
As Gallaudet College previously denied entrance to Deaf women, the same applies to the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf (NFSD), established in 1901 as a Deaf-owned and operated insurance organization that provided insurance to Deaf men. However, the NFSD initially excluded women from membership and equal privileges. However, the NFSD initially excluded women from membership and equal privileges, forcing them to fight for their rights. In early 1915, Deaf women began to campaign for full membership and admission to this male-dominated organization, which viewed men as the primary figures in the household (Records of the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, 1900–2006). This struggle for inclusion highlighted the broader issues of gender inequality within the Deaf community and the need for advocacy. As a result, Deaf women organized rallies and petitions, ultimately leading to significant changes in the NFSD's policies by the late 1910s.
In Utah, NFSD's early efforts were spearheaded by Justina Wooldridge Keeley, a significant figure in its history who later became involved with Salt Lake City Division No. 56. While visiting her home state of Missouri, she discovered a Deaf-owned and operated insurance organization. Upon returning to Salt Lake City, Utah, the Salt Lake City Division No. 56 was founded in 1916 by the local Deaf men (UAD Bulletin, Summer, 1966; Walker, 1966). This organization aimed to provide financial security and support for the Deaf community, creating an atmosphere of brotherhood and empowerment among its members. Keeley's leadership and vision were instrumental in expanding the services offered and promoting advocacy for Deaf rights in the region.
Justina's discovery was bittersweet, as the NFSD had previously denied her and other women full membership and admission. Women did not receive regular insurance membership until 1951, which represented a major turning point in women's rights (Records of the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, 1900–2006). This change brought attention to the need for gender inclusion within the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf. It proved to be an essential step in the organization's pursuit of equality. This achievement not only empowered women within the society but also set a precedent for future advocacy efforts aimed at dismantling systemic barriers. Consequently, the NFSD began to evolve into a more inclusive organization, embracing diversity and encouraging a sense of belonging among all its members.
In Utah, NFSD's early efforts were spearheaded by Justina Wooldridge Keeley, a significant figure in its history who later became involved with Salt Lake City Division No. 56. While visiting her home state of Missouri, she discovered a Deaf-owned and operated insurance organization. Upon returning to Salt Lake City, Utah, the Salt Lake City Division No. 56 was founded in 1916 by the local Deaf men (UAD Bulletin, Summer, 1966; Walker, 1966). This organization aimed to provide financial security and support for the Deaf community, creating an atmosphere of brotherhood and empowerment among its members. Keeley's leadership and vision were instrumental in expanding the services offered and promoting advocacy for Deaf rights in the region.
Justina's discovery was bittersweet, as the NFSD had previously denied her and other women full membership and admission. Women did not receive regular insurance membership until 1951, which represented a major turning point in women's rights (Records of the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, 1900–2006). This change brought attention to the need for gender inclusion within the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf. It proved to be an essential step in the organization's pursuit of equality. This achievement not only empowered women within the society but also set a precedent for future advocacy efforts aimed at dismantling systemic barriers. Consequently, the NFSD began to evolve into a more inclusive organization, embracing diversity and encouraging a sense of belonging among all its members.
Justina Wooldridge Keeley,
Community Advocate Leader
Community Advocate Leader
Justina W. Keeley. Source: Golden Anniversary: Salt Lake City Division No. 56. October 15, 1966
Did You Know?
When Dr. Robert G. Sanderson, a distinguished leader from Utah, was set to become the president of the National Association of the Deaf in July 1964, he found himself at a pivotal moment in history. This period coincided with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a monumental achievement that granted women in the Deaf community the right to vote, which was an essential step toward equality and inclusion (2012 Conference Resolutions). This newfound empowerment was not only significant for women in the Deaf community but also inspired broader advocacy efforts for Deaf rights across the nation. Dr. Sanderson's leadership during this transformative time helped amplify the voices of those who had long been marginalized, opening the door to subsequent advancements in accessibility and representation.
In 1965, the NAD took further steps toward inclusivity by allowing Black Deaf individuals to join the organization and participate in voting following the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This vital legislation paved the way for greater inclusivity within the organization. Before these changes, the NAD had denied voting rights to women and excluded Black individuals from membership (2012 Conference Resolutions). This commitment to inclusivity marked a significant transformation in the organization, reflecting a broader societal shift toward recognizing the rights of marginalized groups, including the Black Deaf community. As a result, the NAD became a more representative voice for all Deaf individuals, advocating for their needs and promoting equality within the community.
Reflecting on this history highlights the power of advocacy and underscores the importance of collaboration for achieving justice. The efforts taken toward inclusivity were more than just a series of improvements; they represented a collective awakening to the principles of equality that unite us all. Let us honor this history by continuing to advocate for everyone's rights, ensuring that the Deaf community remains an inspiration of hope, empowerment, and solidarity for future generations. Together, we can build an even brighter future!
In 1965, the NAD took further steps toward inclusivity by allowing Black Deaf individuals to join the organization and participate in voting following the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This vital legislation paved the way for greater inclusivity within the organization. Before these changes, the NAD had denied voting rights to women and excluded Black individuals from membership (2012 Conference Resolutions). This commitment to inclusivity marked a significant transformation in the organization, reflecting a broader societal shift toward recognizing the rights of marginalized groups, including the Black Deaf community. As a result, the NAD became a more representative voice for all Deaf individuals, advocating for their needs and promoting equality within the community.
Reflecting on this history highlights the power of advocacy and underscores the importance of collaboration for achieving justice. The efforts taken toward inclusivity were more than just a series of improvements; they represented a collective awakening to the principles of equality that unite us all. Let us honor this history by continuing to advocate for everyone's rights, ensuring that the Deaf community remains an inspiration of hope, empowerment, and solidarity for future generations. Together, we can build an even brighter future!
Dr. Robert G. Sanderson. Source: Gallaudet University Archives
Kim Lucas, the Second Female President
of the Utah Association of the Deaf
of the Utah Association of the Deaf
In 2019, Kim Lucas made history by becoming the second woman to serve as president of the Utah Association of the Deaf, marking the end of 104 years of male leadership. Elizabeth Delong was the first woman to hold this position, serving from 1909 to 1915. Kim's election was an essential event for the organization, underscoring its commitment to progress and inclusivity. Throughout her journey, the Utah Association of the Deaf provided support, fostering greater diversity in leadership. Additionally, Kim is the first queer president of the organization, marking a pivotal moment for women's leadership and representation within the Deaf Queer community. This milestone not only highlights the evolving landscape of leadership within the organization but also inspires future generations to embrace their identities and pursue roles in advocacy and representation. Kim's leadership will undoubtedly pave the way for more inclusive practices and greater visibility for marginalized voices within the community.
From there, Kim guided the Utah Association of the Deaf toward a focus on social justice issues, which resulted in the development of regular gatherings such as Queer ASL Utah and Utah Deaf Women. Meanwhile, under the oversight of the Department of Workforce Services, the DSDHH severed relations with the Utah Association of the Deaf for the first time in 2019 while continuing to provide programs for the Deaf, Hard of Hearing, and DeafBlind communities. UAD also helped restart Deaf Night Out. Kim served as president for four and a half years. During her tenure, Kim focused on fostering collaboration among various organizations and enhancing community engagement. Her leadership was instrumental in promoting awareness and advocacy for the needs of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing population in Utah.
From there, Kim guided the Utah Association of the Deaf toward a focus on social justice issues, which resulted in the development of regular gatherings such as Queer ASL Utah and Utah Deaf Women. Meanwhile, under the oversight of the Department of Workforce Services, the DSDHH severed relations with the Utah Association of the Deaf for the first time in 2019 while continuing to provide programs for the Deaf, Hard of Hearing, and DeafBlind communities. UAD also helped restart Deaf Night Out. Kim served as president for four and a half years. During her tenure, Kim focused on fostering collaboration among various organizations and enhancing community engagement. Her leadership was instrumental in promoting awareness and advocacy for the needs of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing population in Utah.
Kim Lucas
Moreover, for the first time since 1909, the Utah Association of the Deaf has achieved a significant milestone with two female presidential officers: Kim Lucas as president and Ashli-Marie Grant as vice president. This marks an important step toward achieving gender equality and diversity in our organization's leadership. This milestone inspires current members and encourages future generations to pursue leadership roles within the Utah Deaf community. As we move forward, it is essential to continue fostering an environment that values diverse perspectives and empowers all individuals to contribute to our shared goals.
Ashli-Marie Grant
The Establishment of the
Utah Deaf Womxn Group
Utah Deaf Womxn Group
In 2019, Kim Lucas made history by becoming the second woman to serve as president of the Utah Association of the Deaf, marking the end of 104 years of male leadership. Elizabeth Delong was the first woman to hold this position, serving from 1909 to 1915. Kim's election was an essential event for the organization, underscoring its commitment to progress and inclusivity. Throughout her journey, the Utah Association of the Deaf provided support, fostering greater diversity in leadership. Additionally, Kim is the first queer president of the organization, marking a pivotal moment for women's leadership and representation within the Deaf Queer community. This milestone not only highlights the evolving landscape of leadership within the organization but also inspires future generations to embrace their identities and pursue roles in advocacy and representation. Kim's leadership will undoubtedly pave the way for more inclusive practices and greater visibility for marginalized voices within the community.
Moreover, for the first time since 1909, the Utah Association of the Deaf has achieved a major milestone with two female presidential officers: Kim Lucas as president and Ashli-Marie Grant as vice president. This marks an important step toward achieving gender equality and diversity in our organization's leadership. This milestone inspires current members and encourages future generations to pursue leadership roles within the Utah Deaf community. As we move forward, it is essential to continue fostering an environment that values diverse perspectives and empowers all individuals to contribute to our shared goals.
As we celebrate these historic milestones, I express my sincere hope for the future. I hope to witness the inauguration of the first female president of the United States in the near future. Women have made significant contributions throughout history, and we are now one step closer to electing a woman as the president of the United States. This moment marks not just a potential change in leadership but a profound shift in societal norms and expectations. As we move forward, let us persist in advocating for equality, making every voice heard and appreciated in our democratic process.
Moreover, for the first time since 1909, the Utah Association of the Deaf has achieved a major milestone with two female presidential officers: Kim Lucas as president and Ashli-Marie Grant as vice president. This marks an important step toward achieving gender equality and diversity in our organization's leadership. This milestone inspires current members and encourages future generations to pursue leadership roles within the Utah Deaf community. As we move forward, it is essential to continue fostering an environment that values diverse perspectives and empowers all individuals to contribute to our shared goals.
As we celebrate these historic milestones, I express my sincere hope for the future. I hope to witness the inauguration of the first female president of the United States in the near future. Women have made significant contributions throughout history, and we are now one step closer to electing a woman as the president of the United States. This moment marks not just a potential change in leadership but a profound shift in societal norms and expectations. As we move forward, let us persist in advocating for equality, making every voice heard and appreciated in our democratic process.
Emisha Sill. Source: Linkedin
Deaf Women United
Deaf Women United is an organization dedicated to empowering and elevating the status of Deaf women. We strive to raise awareness of the inequalities that still exist and celebrate the accomplishments of female leaders. Improving their lives involves creating opportunities for education, mentorship, and advocacy. By fostering a supportive network, we aim to empower Deaf women to become active leaders in their communities and beyond.
If you'd like to support our Deaf Women's community, please sign up for the Deaf Women United newsletter at www.dwu.org.
If you'd like to support our Deaf Women's community, please sign up for the Deaf Women United newsletter at www.dwu.org.
Deaf Women United. Source: www.dwu.org
Outstanding in the Early Utah's
Deaf & Non-Deaf Women History
Deaf & Non-Deaf Women History
Check out the 'Significant Contributions in the History of Deaf and Hearing Women in Utah' webpage to learn more about women's history in Utah. You will discover the remarkable achievements and stories of these women, highlighting their impact on society and the progress made in advocating for equality and rights. This resource serves as an important reminder of the diverse experiences that have shaped Utah's Women history.
Susan B. Anthony with suffrage leaders from Utah and elsewhere. Source: Women Suffrage in Utah
References
Brooks, Joanna, Steenblik Rachel Hunt and Wheelwright, Hannah. "Mormon Feminism Essential Writing." Oxford University Press, 2016.
"Deaf People of Two States Will Hold Reunion." The Ogden Daily Standard, June 9, 1915.
Evans, David S. "A Silent World in the Intermountain West: Records from the Utah School for the Deaf and Blind: 1884-1941." A thesis presented to the Department of History, Utah State University. 1999.
"From the Minutes." The UAD Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 10 (Summer 1963): 4 & 5.
Gallaudet University Library Deaf Collections and Archives, "Records of National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, 1900-2006."
KristanKap. "My Grandma." FamilySearch.org (December 7, 2017).
“Locals.” The Buff and Blue, vol. 10, no. 1 (October 1901), p. 29.
Mary Woolslayer Photograph Collection. (1890). J. Willard Marriot Library, University of Utah. Collection Number UU_P0669.
"NAD History." https://www.nad.org/about-us/nad-history/
Mary Woolslayer's Autobiography.
"National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, 1901-2007 manuscripts." Records of the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, 1900–2006. Gallaudet University Archives.
The 1916-1917 Catalog of the University of Utah.
The 1916-1917 University of Utah Commencement Program.
The Deaf American Vol. 32 No. 06, February 1980. https://archive.org/details/TheDeafAmerican3206February1980/page/n9/mode/2up
The University of Utah Transcript, 1916.
"Salt Lake Frat to Mark 50th Year." The UAD Bulletin, Vol. 4 No. 3 (Summer 1966): 1.
"This Week in 19th Amendment History: Agatha Tiegel Hanson." (October 17, 1959). https://library.arlingtonva.us/2019/10/14/this-week-in-19th-amendment-history-agatha-tiegel-hanson/
Walker, Rodney Wilson. Outlined History of the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf. Golden Anniversary: Salt Lake City Division No. 56 National Fraternal Society of the Deaf 1916-1966. Prudential Plaza Auditorium, October 15, 1966.
"Deaf People of Two States Will Hold Reunion." The Ogden Daily Standard, June 9, 1915.
Evans, David S. "A Silent World in the Intermountain West: Records from the Utah School for the Deaf and Blind: 1884-1941." A thesis presented to the Department of History, Utah State University. 1999.
"From the Minutes." The UAD Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 10 (Summer 1963): 4 & 5.
Gallaudet University Library Deaf Collections and Archives, "Records of National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, 1900-2006."
KristanKap. "My Grandma." FamilySearch.org (December 7, 2017).
“Locals.” The Buff and Blue, vol. 10, no. 1 (October 1901), p. 29.
Mary Woolslayer Photograph Collection. (1890). J. Willard Marriot Library, University of Utah. Collection Number UU_P0669.
"NAD History." https://www.nad.org/about-us/nad-history/
Mary Woolslayer's Autobiography.
"National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, 1901-2007 manuscripts." Records of the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, 1900–2006. Gallaudet University Archives.
The 1916-1917 Catalog of the University of Utah.
The 1916-1917 University of Utah Commencement Program.
The Deaf American Vol. 32 No. 06, February 1980. https://archive.org/details/TheDeafAmerican3206February1980/page/n9/mode/2up
The University of Utah Transcript, 1916.
"Salt Lake Frat to Mark 50th Year." The UAD Bulletin, Vol. 4 No. 3 (Summer 1966): 1.
"This Week in 19th Amendment History: Agatha Tiegel Hanson." (October 17, 1959). https://library.arlingtonva.us/2019/10/14/this-week-in-19th-amendment-history-agatha-tiegel-hanson/
Walker, Rodney Wilson. Outlined History of the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf. Golden Anniversary: Salt Lake City Division No. 56 National Fraternal Society of the Deaf 1916-1966. Prudential Plaza Auditorium, October 15, 1966.
